Teaching Children to Read: the Teacher Makes the Difference 7th Edition Pdf

How to teach children to read

Pedagogy children to read is 1 of the most complicated, backbreaking and fourth dimension-consuming parts of teaching English. At that place're many approaches to teaching to read nowadays. Even so, I'll focus on two pop and constructive methods: Phonics and "Look and say".

Phonics

Phonics is a method of teaching young learners how to read which focuses on how letters make sounds, and how these sounds brand words. This approach is not significant focused, it is only well-nigh decoding and pronunciation. Teachers are to put accuracy before speed considering fluency (i.e. speed, accuracy, expression, and comprehension) will come with fourth dimension.

Phonics is the report of the human relationship betwixt the spoken and written linguistic communication, i.e. phonemic awareness and letter shape. Each letter or combination of letters represents a sound or sounds. The data is codified, as we must be able to recognise which symbols make which sounds in order to read. Children are taught 44 letter sounds, which is a mix of alphabet sounds:

• character (1 audio – 1 letter, eastward.thousand. c, t, a )
• digraphs (1 audio – 2 letters, e.g. sh, th, ai, ue )
• trigraphs (1 sound — 3 letters, eastward.g. ght )

This information is establish in the Alphabetic Code .  There's no one lodge y'all choose to teach phonics, but it's definitely improve to get from simple to more than circuitous phonics.

"Phonics involves the teaching of the transparent alphabet (due east.chiliad. /chiliad/ every bit in «cat») before progressing onto the "opaque" alphabet (e.g. /k/ as in «school»). In other words, children are taught steps which are straightforward and easy before being taught the complications and variations of pronunciation and spelling of the total alphabetic lawmaking"(© Wikipedia ).

Therefore children are first taught graphemes and loftier-frequency catchy words, and so digraphs and trigraphs; then less frequency tricky words. Moreover, it's better to base of operations phonics on the target vocabulary, so phonics are not separated from the main form and children learn as they become along.

What are tricky words?

These are some words which don't follow easily recognisable patterns. Children have to learn these words in their entirety, past sight. Native speakers larn a lot of these at school through verse, then ane way to teach them is to say a word that rhymes with the tricky give-and-take (for instance, "shoe" rhymes with "zoo" and "key" rhymes with "tree"). Another skilful mode to practise them is flashcard-blazon games.

When a child is learning to read there are crucial things to larn:

• how the sounds are represented by written letters;
• how to blend (synthesise) the sounds together to make words;
• how to segment for spelling (e.yard. spell your proper noun).

Children are taught to read letters or groups of letters past saying the sound(south) they correspond. For instance, how to teach the word "true cat" using the Phonics method.

1. Say the sound [k].
2. Take the student echo the sound.
3. Say the whole word, "cat" [kæt].
4. Tell the student to echo the whole word.
5. Say another words that start with [one thousand]: "cake", "loving cup", "coke".
6. Prepare flashcards with different pictures. Say the words for the student to listen and cull the words with the audio [k] (to practise sound recognition)
7. Tell the student to write the alphabetic character, so the discussion. (to exercise tracing and letter recognition)

Teachers have to read a total range of target vocabulary, sentences, comic strips, literature with the children and ensure that students have a full range of experience of activities associated with literacy such as role play, chants, songs, verse, but children are not expected to 'read' text which is across them, and the method does not involve guessing the significant from context, picture, and initial letter of the alphabet clues. If students practice not know or cannot read, a teacher reads for them.

This is a bang-up five-level grade yous tin can apply.

Pros of Phonics:

• Students learn sounds.
• They learn to read pace by step.
• It's more comprehensible, consequent and based on Lexis.
• Children can read the words they don't know if they know the sounds spelling

Cons of Phonics:

• Students cannot start reading until they larn plenty sounds.
• They tin can read but the words with the sounds they know.
• It can have a long fourth dimension.
• This arroyo is not comprehension-focused.

Await and say

Phonics can be compared with the whole word , or 'Look and say' approach, which focuses on recognising words. This is a method of pedagogy reading based on the visual recognition and memorizing of words rather than by the association of sounds and messages.

For example, using a "Expect and say" approach a child may exist shown the word "true cat" on a flashcard and is told, "cat". The child, over fourth dimension, then learns that when they see the symbol "cat", they are to say the word "cat". This way English becomes kind of a logographic language, that has thousands of detailed symbols that represent individual words.

Moving picture-words or sight words account for upward to 75% of the words used in beginning children's print materials. Sight word lists have been compiled based on loftier-frequency words, for example, the Dolch discussion list. These words are divided into levels which are prioritised and introduced to children according to a frequency of appearance in start readers' texts.

Pros of "Look and say":

• Children acquire high frequency and piece of cake words fast.
• Students learnt how to read "like" new words past association and word recognition. For case, "true cat", "bat", "rat". Children recognize words automatically, as a result, a beginning reader will exist able to identify the bulk of words in a beginning text before they even endeavour to read it (in phonics approach they see the similar alphabetic character sounds, when in "Look and say" they see the similar symbols).
• It allows children to concentrate on meaning and comprehension every bit they read without having to stop and decode every unmarried word.
• Information technology helps to learn tricky words with unusual spelling, as they cannot exist sounded out using basic phonics knowledge.

Cons of "Look and say":

• Children are required to memorise thousands of words and cannot decode new words they come beyond independently. Instead of having to recollect only 26 letters and their matching phonemes, children take to apply their retentivity space to retrieve each and every give-and-take equally a symbol.
• Children may be stuck in reading if they don't know how to read certain letters.
• Students may have difficulties with spelling.
• You always need an paradigm: pictures or miming which doesn't piece of work well for abstract things of sure phrases.

Based on the data in a higher place I would recommend combining both methods to make didactics reading more than productive, comprehensible, logical and consistent.

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Source: https://skyteach.ru/2018/11/29/how-to-teach-children-to-read/

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