Laravel Cannot Read Property 'csrftoken' of Undefined
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HTTP Routing
- Basic Routing
- Route Parameters
- Required Parameters
- Optional Parameters
- Regular Expression Constraints
- Named Routes
- Route Groups
- Middleware
- Namespaces
- Sub-Domain Routing
- Road Prefixes
- CSRF Protection
- Introduction
- Excluding URIs
- X-CSRF-Token
- X-XSRF-Token
- Route Model Binding
- Class Method Spoofing
- Throwing 404 Errors
Bones Routing
Yous will define most of the routes for your application in the app/Http/routes.php file, which is loaded by the App\Providers\RouteServiceProvider course. The most basic Laravel routes but accept a URI and a Closure:
Road :: get ( ' / ' , function () {
return ' Hullo Globe ' ;
});
Route :: mail ( ' foo/bar ' , function () {
return ' How-do-you-do World ' ;
});
Route :: put ( ' foo/bar ' , part () {
//
});
Route :: delete ( ' foo/bar ' , part () {
//
});
Registering A Road For Multiple Verbs
Sometimes you may need to register a route that responds to multiple HTTP verbs. You may do and so using the match method on the Road facade:
Route :: match ([ ' get ' , ' post ' ], ' / ' , function () {
return ' Hello World ' ;
});
Or, you may even register a route that responds to all HTTP verbs using the whatsoever method:
Road :: any ( ' foo ' , part () {
render ' Hello World ' ;
});
Generating URLs To Routes
You may generate URLs to your application's routes using the url helper:
$url = url ( ' foo ' );
Route Parameters
Required Parameters
Of course, sometimes yous will need to capture segments of the URI within your route. For example, you may demand to capture a user's ID from the URL. You may exercise so by defining route parameters:
Route :: get ( ' user/{id} ' , function ( $id ) {
return ' User ' . $id ;
});
You may ascertain as many route parameters as required by your route:
Road :: get ( ' posts/{post}/comments/{annotate} ' , office ( $postId , $commentId ) {
//
});
Route parameters are ever encased inside "curly" braces. The parameters will be passed into your route'southward Closure when the route is executed.
Note: Route parameters cannot contain the
-graphic symbol. Use an underscore (_) instead.
Optional Parameters
Occasionally you may need to specify a route parameter, simply make the presence of that road parameter optional. You may do so by placing a ? marking after the parameter name:
Route :: become ( ' user/{name?} ' , role ( $name = null ) {
render $name ;
});
Route :: become ( ' user/{name?} ' , office ( $name = ' John ' ) {
return $proper noun ;
});
Regular Expression Constraints
Y'all may constrain the format of your route parameters using the where method on a route instance. The where method accepts the proper name of the parameter and a regular expression defining how the parameter should be constrained:
Route :: get ( ' user/{name} ' , function ( $name ) {
//
})
-> where ( ' name ' , ' [A-Za-z]+ ' );
Route :: get ( ' user/{id} ' , function ( $id ) {
//
})
-> where ( ' id ' , ' [0-9]+ ' );
Route :: become ( ' user/{id}/{name} ' , role ( $id , $name ) {
//
})
-> where ([ ' id ' => ' [0-9]+ ' , ' name ' => ' [a-z]+ ' ]);
Global Constraints
If you would like a route parameter to always be constrained by a given regular expression, y'all may apply the blueprint method. Yous should define these patterns in the kick method of your RouteServiceProvider:
/**
* Define your route model bindings, pattern filters, etc.
*
* @param \ Illuminate \ Routing \ Router $router
* @render void
*/
public part boot ( Router $router )
{
$router -> design ( ' id ' , ' [0-nine]+ ' );
parent :: boot ( $router );
}
Once the pattern has been divers, it is automatically practical to all routes using that parameter proper name:
Road :: become ( ' user/{id} ' , function ( $id ) {
// Only called if {id} is numeric.
});
Named Routes
Named routes let you to conveniently generate URLs or redirects for a specific route. You may specify a proper noun for a route using the every bit assortment key when defining the road:
Route :: go ( ' user/profile ' , [ ' as ' => ' profile ' , function () {
//
}]);
Y'all may too specify route names for controller actions:
Road :: become ( ' user/profile ' , [
' as ' => ' profile ' , ' uses ' => ' [email protected] '
]);
Instead of specifying the route proper name in the route array definition, you may concatenation the name method onto the end of the route definition:
Route :: get ( ' user/profile ' , ' [electronic mail protected] ' ) -> name ( ' contour ' );
Road Groups & Named Routes
If you are using route groups, you lot may specify an as keyword in the route group attribute array, allowing yous to set a common route name prefix for all routes within the group:
Route :: group ([ ' as ' => ' admin:: ' ], function () {
Route :: go ( ' dashboard ' , [ ' as ' => ' dashboard ' , office () {
// Road named "admin::dashboard"
}]);
});
Generating URLs To Named Routes
Once you have assigned a name to a given route, you may utilise the route'due south name when generating URLs or redirects via the route role:
$url = route ( ' profile ' );
$redirect = redirect () -> route ( ' profile ' );
If the road defines parameters, yous may pass the parameters equally the 2d argument to the road method. The given parameters volition automatically be inserted into the URL:
Route :: get ( ' user/{id}/contour ' , [ ' every bit ' => ' contour ' , role ( $id ) {
//
}]);
$url = route ( ' contour ' , [ ' id ' => i ]);
Road Groups
Route groups allow yous to share route attributes, such as middleware or namespaces, across a large number of routes without needing to ascertain those attributes on each individual route. Shared attributes are specified in an assortment format every bit the start parameter to the Route::group method.
To acquire more about road groups, we'll walk through several mutual use-cases for the feature.
Middleware
To assign middleware to all routes within a grouping, you may use the middleware key in the group attribute assortment. Middleware volition be executed in the order y'all define this array:
Road :: group ([ ' middleware ' => ' auth ' ], function () {
Road :: become ( ' / ' , function () {
// Uses Auth Middleware
});
Route :: get ( ' user/profile ' , office () {
// Uses Auth Middleware
});
});
Namespaces
Another common employ-case for route groups is assigning the same PHP namespace to a group of controllers. You may use the namespace parameter in your group aspect assortment to specify the namespace for all controllers within the group:
Route :: group ([ ' namespace ' => ' Admin ' ], office ()
{
// Controllers Inside The "App\Http\Controllers\Admin" Namespace
Route :: group ([ ' namespace ' => ' User ' ], function ()
{
// Controllers Within The "App\Http\Controllers\Admin\User" Namespace
});
});
Remember, past default, the RouteServiceProvider includes your routes.php file within a namespace group, allowing you lot to register controller routes without specifying the total App\Http\Controllers namespace prefix. Then, we only need to specify the portion of the namespace that comes after the base of operations App\Http\Controllers namespace root.
Sub-Domain Routing
Route groups may also be used to route wildcard sub-domains. Sub-domains may exist assigned route parameters simply similar road URIs, allowing you to capture a portion of the sub-domain for usage in your route or controller. The sub-domain may exist specified using the domain cardinal on the group aspect assortment:
Road :: grouping ([ ' domain ' => ' {account}.myapp.com ' ], function () {
Route :: go ( ' user/{id} ' , function ( $business relationship , $id ) {
//
});
});
Route Prefixes
The prefix group array aspect may be used to prefix each route in the group with a given URI. For example, you lot may desire to prefix all road URIs inside the grouping with admin:
Route :: group ([ ' prefix ' => ' admin ' ], function () {
Route :: become ( ' users ' , function () {
// Matches The "/admin/users" URL
});
});
You may also utilise the prefix parameter to specify common parameters for your grouped routes:
Route :: grouping ([ ' prefix ' => ' accounts/{account_id} ' ], function () {
Road :: get ( ' detail ' , function ( $account_id ) {
// Matches The accounts/{account_id}/item URL
});
});
CSRF Protection
Introduction
Laravel makes it like shooting fish in a barrel to protect your application from cross-site asking forgeries. Cantankerous-site request forgeries are a blazon of malicious exploit whereby unauthorized commands are performed on behalf of the authenticated user.
Laravel automatically generates a CSRF "token" for each active user session managed by the application. This token is used to verify that the authenticated user is the one actually making the requests to the application. To generate a hidden input field _token containing the CSRF token, you may use the csrf_field helper function:
< ? php echo csrf_field (); ? >
The csrf_field helper function generates the following HTML:
< input blazon = " subconscious " name = " _token " value = " <?php echo csrf_token(); ?> " >
Of course, using the Blade templating engine:
{{ csrf_field () }}
You do not need to manually verify the CSRF token on POST, PUT, or DELETE requests. The VerifyCsrfToken HTTP middleware volition verify that the token in the request input matches the token stored in the session.
Excluding URIs From CSRF Protection
Sometimes you may wish to exclude a set of URIs from CSRF protection. For example, if you are using Stripe to procedure payments and are utilizing their webhook organization, you will need to exclude your webhook handler route from Laravel's CSRF protection.
You may exclude URIs by calculation them to the $except belongings of the VerifyCsrfToken middleware:
< ? php
namespace App\Http\Middleware;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\ VerifyCsrfToken every bit BaseVerifier;
class VerifyCsrfToken extends BaseVerifier
{
/**
* The URIs that should be excluded from CSRF verification.
*
* @var assortment
*/
protected $except = [
' stripe/* ' ,
];
}
X-CSRF-TOKEN
In addition to checking for the CSRF token as a POST parameter, the Laravel VerifyCsrfToken middleware will also check for the 10-CSRF-TOKEN asking header. Yous could, for example, store the token in a "meta" tag:
< meta name = " csrf-token " content = " {{ csrf_token() }} " >
In one case you lot accept created the meta tag, you can instruct a library like jQuery to add the token to all asking headers. This provides simple, convenient CSRF protection for your AJAX based applications:
$ . ajaxSetup ({
headers: {
' X-CSRF-TOKEN ' : $ ( ' meta[name="csrf-token"] ' ) . attr ( ' content ' )
}
});
X-XSRF-TOKEN
Laravel also stores the CSRF token in a XSRF-TOKEN cookie. You can use the cookie value to set up the Ten-XSRF-TOKEN asking header. Some JavaScript frameworks, like Angular, do this automatically for you. It is unlikely that y'all volition need to use this value manually.
Route Model Binding
Laravel road model binding provides a convenient style to inject class instances into your routes. For example, instead of injecting a user'due south ID, you can inject the entire User grade instance that matches the given ID.
Kickoff, employ the router'south model method to specify the grade for a given parameter. You should ascertain your model bindings in the RouteServiceProvider::kicking method:
Bounden A Parameter To A Model
public function boot ( Router $router )
{
parent :: boot ( $router );
$router -> model ( ' user ' , ' App\User ' );
}
Next, define a route that contains a {user} parameter:
$router -> become ( ' profile/{user} ' , office ( App\ User $user ) {
//
});
Since we have bound the {user} parameter to the App\User model, a User instance will be injected into the road. And then, for case, a request to profile/1 will inject the User instance which has an ID of 1.
Note: If a matching model instance is not found in the database, a 404 exception will be thrown automatically.
If you wish to specify your own "non found" behavior, pass a Closure as the third argument to the model method:
$router -> model ( ' user ' , ' App\User ' , part () {
throw new NotFoundHttpException ;
});
If you wish to use your ain resolution logic, you should employ the Route::bind method. The Closure you pass to the bind method will receive the value of the URI segment, and should return an instance of the form you desire to exist injected into the route:
$router -> bind ( ' user ' , part ( $value ) {
return App\ User :: where ( ' name ' , $value ) -> starting time ();
});
Grade Method Spoofing
HTML forms practise not support PUT, PATCH or DELETE deportment. So, when defining PUT, PATCH or DELETE routes that are called from an HTML course, y'all volition need to add a hidden _method field to the form. The value sent with the _method field will be used equally the HTTP request method:
< form action = " /foo/bar " method = " POST " >
< input blazon = " subconscious " name = " _method " value = " PUT " >
< input type = " hidden " name = " _token " value = " {{ csrf_token() }} " >
< / class >
To generate the hidden input field _method, you may also use the method_field helper function:
< ? php echo method_field ( ' PUT ' ); ? >
Of course, using the Bract templating engine:
{{ method_field ( ' PUT ' ) }}
Throwing 404 Errors
There are ii ways to manually trigger a 404 mistake from a road. Start, you may use the abort helper. The abort helper but throws a Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Exception\HttpException with the specified condition lawmaking:
abort ( 404 );
Secondly, you may manually throw an instance of Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\NotFoundHttpException.
More than data on handling 404 exceptions and using custom responses for these errors may exist found in the errors department of the documentation.
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Source: https://laravel.com/docs/5.1/routing
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